Fuzzy-controlled Power-aware Proactive-acknowledgement Based Broadcasting (fpb) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Network-wide broadcasting is a fundamental operation for mobile ad hoc networks. In broadcasting, a source node sends a message to all other nodes in the network. Under ordinary flooding procedure, each node transmits the broadcast message to all of its 1-hop downlink neighbours, i.e. all nodes residing within its radio-range. Receiving the broadcast message all those downlink neighbours reply with an acknowledgement. Since in an ad hoc network a node may have multiple uplink neighbours, in ordinary flooding procedure, a node is supposed to receive the broadcast message from all those uplink neighbours and send acknowledgement to all of them, generating huge message contention and collision. This is popularly referred to as the broadcast storm problem. The present article is focused to remove the broadcast redundancy within 2-hop neighbourhood and beyond, as much as possible by prioritizing the 1hop downlink neighbours of a node. Priority of a 1-hop downlink neighbour of a node ni increases if it is equipped with a large number of 1-hop downlink neighbours, large radiorange, high remaining battery power and very small number of uplink neighbours closer to the broadcast source than ni. ni waits a predefined amount of time to receive proactive acknowledgements from the 1-hop downlink neighbours having less priority. If it does not receive acknowledgement from those downlink neighbours within the waiting time, it sends the broadcast message to them. A fuzzy controller named Priority Assignor (PA) is embedded in every node that determines the priority of a 1-hop downlink neighbour. Simulation results firmly establish that the proposed protocol FP 2 B produces high broadcast delivery ratio at much lesser message cost, compared to other state-of-the-art broadcast algorithms.